IAAT+-+qing

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**Industrial and Artistic Technology** Enamel is a material made from heating together substances such as feldspar, quartz, flurospar, borax, boric acid, soda, potash, saltpeter, clays, ammonium carbonate, stannic acid and water. Colors are produced by adding chemicals such as cobalt oxide for blue.
 * Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yarn.
 * New materials like gilded cobber and silvery threads were introduced in the Qing dynasty
 * Also decorated with Peacock feathers
 * Overglaze was popular for porcelain
 * Painters would carefully paint designs in low-fire, lead-based glazes on top of plain but glazed porcelain that has already been fired for 1200 degrees. After the painting, the piece is fired for a second time, this time in a lower temperature.
 * Didn’t have electricity so the potter’s wheel is spun with a stick.
 * Another method for porcelain was underglaze
 * People draw bronze red layers on the body of the porcelain and then covered it with a transparent glaze, then burned in1200 degrees.
 * Underglaze red, blue and white and bean green glaze developed during the Qing times.
 * Another popular method used on ceramics is enameling where they coat a base of metal, pottery or mineral substance with finely powered glass and then heated until the particles melt together to for a glaze.
 * The object was mostly repeatedly dipped into the enameling material before being fired in a kiln.
 * Silk are made from silkworms – farmers grew mulberrytrees to keep the worms fed.
 * When cocoons are gathered, they begin the process of extracting the silk from the cocoons.
 * They but the coccons in a basin of hot water and extracted the slk with their hands before winding it around a basket.
 * Cotton ginning, deseeding, cotton fluffing, spinning, cloth weaveing, tramping, dyeing and drying are all processes of spinning and weaving.
 * ** Tools for painting ** :
 * A brush was made from animal wool/hair.
 * Ink – black block made with soot or pine black and is mixed with water.

Sources: [] [] [] [] - - **AMICA Library Year:** 1998   **Media Metadata Rights:** Copyright, The Cleveland Museum of  Art [] - **//The Traditional Crafts of Porcelain Making in Jingdezhen//, by Bai Ming, Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing House, 2002, ISBN 7-80580-887-2, is excellent, but difficult to find outside of China.** http://arts.cultural-china.com/en/31Arts244.html

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